Lub tshuab tua hluav taws tsuas yog txhim khu kev qha raws li cov kav dej uas xa dej mus rau qhov hluav taws kub. Thaum lub tshuab nqus dej lub taub hau qhib, cov kav dej yuav tsum tau muab cov dej ntws txaus thiab siab tam sim ntawd - tsis muaj qhov xau, tsis muaj kev txwv, tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj zog. Kev tsim cov yuam kev lossis kev xaiv cov khoom tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau lub cev tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thaum lub neej thiab cov khoom nyob ntawm kab.
Cov lus qhia no suav nrog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov kav dej tua hluav taws: cov qauv siv tau, kev xaiv cov khoom siv (steel, CPVC, stainless hlau), yeeb nkab sizing thiab layout hauv paus ntsiab lus, kev koom ua ke, thiab kev xav txog kev teeb tsa. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom tsim lub tsev lag luam tshiab, rov tsim kho qhov chaw uas twb muaj lawm, lossis qhia cov khoom lag luam rau lub tsev khaws khoom, kev nkag siab cov ntsiab lus no yuav pab koj tsim cov cai- ua raws, kev ntseeg siab.
Siv tau cov qauv thiab cov lej
Hluav taws kub sprinkler piping yog tswj hnyav heev. Hauv North America, thawj qhov kev siv yog NFPA 13 (Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems). Lwm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
NFPA 13: Cov kev xav tau ntawm kev teeb tsa, suav nrog cov khoom siv yeeb nkab, kev txhawb nqa qhov sib txawv, thiab kev sib tsoo seismic
NFPA 13R: Txo cov kev cai rau cov neeg nyob hauv tsev mus txog plaub zaj dab neeg
NFPA 13D: Ib- thiab ob- tsev neeg thiab cov tsev tsim khoom
ASTM A135 / A795: Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau hluav taws xob -kuj-welded steel yeeb nkab rau kev siv tiv thaiv hluav taws
ASTM F442 / F437: Cov qauv rau CPVC hluav taws xob cov kav dej
Kev pom zoo UL thiab FM: Thib peb- cov npe koom nrog uas feem ntau cov lej xav tau rau cov khoom siv sprinkler
Nco ntsoov sab laj txog kev hloov kho hauv zos. Qee qhov kev txiav txim siab txwv qee cov ntaub ntawv lossis xav tau kev ntsuas siab dua li qhov tsawg kawg nkaus.
Cov khoom siv xaiv rau Hluav Taws Sprinkler Piping
Cov yeeb nkab dub
Cov hlau dub yog cov khoom siv niaj hnub thiab feem ntau siv rau kev lag luam hluav taws tua hluav taws. Nws yog uncoated carbon steel, feem ntau tsim rau ASTM A795 lossis A135. Cov hlau dub muaj lub zog siab, ua haujlwm zoo heev, thiab kev ua haujlwm hydraulic ua tau zoo. Nws yog haum rau ntub, qhuav, thiab ua ntej- ua haujlwm.
Pros:Muaj zog, dav muaj, code- lees txais txhua qhov chaw, tus nqi- siv tau rau hauv txoj kab uas hla loj dua, ua haujlwm siab
Cons:Hnyav, yuav tsum tau threading los yog welding, susceptible to internal corrosion nyob rau hauv ntub systems nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, hnyav phab ntsa txo cov internal txoj kab uas hla me ntsis
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau:Cov tsev lag luam, warehouses, industrial chaw, ntau- tsev nyob
Galvanized steel yeeb nkab
Galvanized steel yog dub steel nrog kub-dip zinc txheej. Nws tiv taus corrosion zoo dua li cov hlau dub, ua rau nws yog ib qho kev xaiv rau cov yeeb nkab qhuav thiab ua ntej - cov tshuab ua haujlwm uas cov dej yuav zaum hauv cov yeeb nkab rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Pros:Zoo corrosion kuj zoo dua li cov hlau dub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhuav tshuab
Cons:Zinc txheej tuaj yeem flake thiab clog sprinkler taub hau thaum lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntub dej, tus nqi siab dua, threading puas rau txheej.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau:Cov yeeb nkab qhuav thiab ua ntej- cov tshuab ua haujlwm, corrosive atmospheres (raws li kev pom zoo)
Stainless hlau yeeb nkab
Stainless hlau (feem ntau hom 304 los yog 316) muaj superior corrosion kuj thiab ib tug du sab hauv tiav. Nws tau nce ntxiv rau qhov chaw nruj heev, chav huv huv, thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntev yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Pros:Zoo heev corrosion kuj, du bore (qis kev sib txhuam poob), lub teeb yuag, huv si tsos
Cons:Cov khoom siv ntau dua, yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb txiav thiab nias, tsis yog cov khoom siv dav dav
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau:Cov chaw hauv ntug dej hiav txwv, cov nroj tsuag tshuaj, kev ua zaub mov, cov chaw zov me nyuam, tsev kho mob, retrofits qhov hnyav hnyav
CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride)
CPVC yog cov khoom siv hauv cov kav dej uas tau pom zoo rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo (chaw ua haujlwm, chav tsev so, chaw nyob) los ntawm NFPA 13. Nws yog qhov hnyav thiab koom nrog cov cement hnyav, tshem tawm cov haujlwm kub.
Pros:Lub teeb yuag heev, kev teeb tsa sai, tsis muaj xov lossis vuam, corrosion- pov thawj, tus nqi qis qis
Cons:Txwv tsis pub muaj teeb meem rau lub teeb, txwv tsis pub nyob rau hauv qhov chaw zais nrog lub peev xwm ua kom muaj cua sov, tuaj yeem ua rau lub hnub nyoog los yog UV raug, tsis tso cai nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau:Cov tsev nyob, tsev so corridors, chaw ua hauj lwm vaj tse, pab kev nyob
Copper Tube
Copper yog qee zaum siv hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob, feem ntau hauv cov tsev nyob lossis cov ntawv tshwj xeeb. Nws yog koom los ntawm soldering los yog brazing.
Pros:Lub teeb yuag, corrosion resistant (nrog rau cov dej chemistry tsim nyog), aesthetically lees txais raug
Cons:kim, yuav tsum tau brazing rau cov kaw lus zais (soldering tsis tso cai los ntawm qee cov lej), softer dua hlau
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau:Cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm hauv thaj chaw rhiab architecturally, qee qhov retrofits
Pipe Sizing thiab Hydraulic Design
Kev tsim cov yeeb nkab kom zoo kom ntseeg tau tias txhua lub taub hau sprinkler tau txais txaus txaus thiab siab. NFPA 13 yuav tsum tau muab xam hydraulic rau feem ntau cov tshuab ua lag luam (cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kav dej yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov tshuab me me).
Cov Ntsiab Cai Hydraulic
Flow (Q): Ntsuas hauv nkas loos ib feeb (gpm). Sprinkler taub hau tau ntsuas qhov ntws raws li K-factor thiab siab.
Siab (P): Ntsuas hauv psi. Kev sib txhuam poob los ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab fittings txo qhov siab ntawm cov dej thiab cov twj tso kua mis.
Kev sib txhuam poob: Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv yeeb nkab (C-factor), txoj kab uas hla, thiab ntws nrawm. Steel muaj C-factor ntawm 120; CPVC feem ntau 150; stainless hlau du bore yuav siv 140-150.
Sizing Guidelines
Ceg kab feem ntau yog li ntawm 1 mus rau 2 ntiv tes
Hla mains feem ntau 2 mus rau 4 ntiv tes
Pub mains yuav yog 4 mus rau 8 ntiv tes los yog loj dua nyob ntawm qhov kev thov
Kev nrawm yuav tsum nyob qis dua 20 ko taw ib pliag kom tiv thaiv dej rauj
Siv hydraulic laij lej software (xws li SprinkCAD, Elite, HASS) los xyuas kom meej tias tag nrho cov sprinklers ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lawv lub siab ntau.
Layout Principles
Gridded vs. Ntoo vs. Loop Systems
Tsob ntoo system:Ib qho khoom noj tseem ceeb muab cov ceg kab. Simplest tab sis siab tshaj kev sib txhuam poob. Tso cai rau cov tshuab me me.
Loop system:Main ua ib lub voj nyob ib ncig ntawm cheeb tsam, ceg pub rau sab hauv. Muab ob txoj kev ntws, txo qhov poob siab.
Gridded system:Muaj ntau lub hauv paus thiab cov ceg ntoo sib cuam tshuam. Feem ntau hydraulically npaum thiab ntau rau cov chaw lag luam loj.
Ceg Kab Spacing
Sprinkler spacing yog tswj hwm los ntawm thaj tsam ntawm ib lub taub hau (feem ntau 100-225 sq. ft. rau cov txheej txheem tshuaj tsuag tsuag). Ceg kab yog spaced raws li cov npe sprinkler. Qhov sib txawv:
Lub teeb phom sij:Ceg kab 15 ko taw sib nrug, sprinklers 15 ko taw raws ceg (225 sq. ft.)
Yam txaus ntshai:12-15 feet nrug
Kev phom sij ntxiv:8-10 feet nrug
Slope rau Qhuav Systems
Cov yeeb nkab qhuav thiab ua ntej- cov tshuab ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau muab tso rau kom ntws cov condensate thiab dej los ntawm kev sim. NFPA 13 yuav tsum muaj txoj kab nqes tsawg kawg ntawm 1/2 nti rau 10 ko taw (los yog 1/4 nti rau 10 ko taw rau qee qhov teeb tsa). Yuav tsum muaj cov dej ntws tawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus qis.
Kev Koom Tes Txoj Cai rau Hluav Taws Sprinkler Piping
Xov Connections
Threading yog ib txwm muaj rau cov yeeb nkab steel mus txog 6 ntiv tes, txawm hais tias teb threading saum 4 ntiv tes tsis tshua muaj. Cov xov yuav tsum tau txiav, reamed, thiab kaw nrog cov npe xov sealant (Teflon daim kab xev lossis yeeb nkab dope). Threading tshem tawm cov galvanized txheej ntawm cov yeeb nkab galvanized, yuav tsum tau teb kov -up.
Welded kev sib txuas
Vuam muab tag nrho - cov pob qij txha muaj zog tab sis yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv tso cai ua haujlwm kub thiab cov kws tsim nyog vuam. Feem ntau siv rau cov kab uas loj dua los yog qhov twg threaded fittings tsis muaj. Vuam tsis pub rau ntawm cov yeeb nkab galvanized yam tsis muaj kev sib tsoo tawm ntawm txheej thiab rov- txheej.
Grooved (Mechanical) Kev sib txuas
Grooved couplings tau dhau los ua tus qauv rau kev lag luam hluav taws xob hluav taws xob saum 2 ntiv tes. Ib tug zawj yog txiav los yog dov rau hauv cov yeeb nkab kawg, thiab ib co coupling nrog gasket thiab vaj tse bolts ua ke.
Qhov zoo:Fast installation, tso cai rau ib co misalignment thiab txav, tsis muaj threading los yog vuam, yooj yim los hloov tom qab.
Kev txiav txim siab:Yuav tsum tau zawj- cov khoom siv dov, couplings raug nqi ntau dua cov xov fittings.
Dominant hauv:Feem ntau cov lag luam hluav taws kub sprinkler installation niaj hnub no.
Nias -Fit Connections
Xovxwm- haum lub tshuab muaj rau kev pabcuam hluav taws kub (UL- npe). Lawv muab kev sib koom ua ke sai, flameless tab sis txwv rau qee qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab yuav xav tau cov npe tshwj xeeb.
Cov Ntawv Xaiv Cov Khoom Muag
Thaum xaiv cov khoom siv rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tua hluav taws, xyuas kom meej:
Cov khoom siv yeeb nkab:Sau npe rau kev pab cuam tua hluav taws (UL lossis FM). Standard kav kav dej tsis tau txais.
Phab ntsa thickness:Teem caij 10, Teem caij 40, los yog Teem caij 80 nyob ntawm qhov siab thiab cov cai hauv zos. Lub teeb phab ntsa (Tshooj 10) yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau hauv kev lag luam.
Fittings:Sau npe rau kev siv hluav taws kub hnyiab. Malleable hlau los yog ductile hlau rau threaded, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog teev rau grooved.
Hangers thiab kev txhawb nqa:NFPA 13 qhov yuav tsum tau muaj (feem ntau 10-12 ko taw rau cov yeeb nkab steel, tsawg dua rau CPVC). Seismic bracing raws li xav tau.
Kev tiv thaiv corrosion:Rau cov tshuab qhuav, xav txog galvanized lossis stainless hlau. Rau cov txheej txheem ntub dej nrog cov dej corrosive, xav txog cov txheej txheem stainless lossis sab hauv.
Valves:Cov npe tswj li qub (OS&Y, npauj npaim, lossis PIV) nrog cov keyboards tamper.
Common Design yuam kev kom zam
Undersized Mains
Oversizing yeeb nkab nqi ntau cov khoom tab sis undersizing ua rau tsis txaus txaus. Hydraulic suav yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov twj tso kua mis feem ntau tau txais qhov tsawg kawg nkaus uas yuav tsum tau ua.
Tsis muaj dej ntws hauv cov tshuab qhuav
Cov dej daig hauv cov yeeb nkab qhuav yuav khov lossis ua rau xeb. Xyuas kom txoj kab nqes thiab cov dej ntws tawm ntawm txhua qhov qis.
Kev them nyiaj yug tsis raug
CPVC xav tau kev txhawb nqa ze dua li cov hlau (feem ntau yog 6 feet vs . 10-12 ko taw). Cov kev txhawb nqa hlau uas nyob deb dhau ua rau sagging thiab kev sib koom ua ke.
Kev sib xyaw cov hlau tsis sib xws
Kev sib cuag ncaj qha ntawm cov hlau thiab tooj liab lossis stainless hlau ua rau galvanic corrosion. Siv cov koom haum dielectric lossis cov kev hloov pauv tau pom zoo.
Ignoring Seismic Requirements
Hauv thaj chaw seismic, cov kav dej yuav tsum muaj cov txuas txuas tau yooj yim, sway bracing, thiab tshem tawm ib ncig ntawm kev nkag mus. NFPA 13 muaj cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb seismic.
Installation Cov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws
Txiav yeeb nkab square thiab deburr kom huv si, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau grooved los yog threaded sib txuas.
Tsis txhob dhau -tighten threaded fittings. Tshaj -tightening yuav tawg fittings los yog distort threads.
Siv cov roj nplaum uas teev rau ntawm cov grooved gaskets thiab ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom torque specifications.
Nruab hangers ua ntej dej puv. Cov yeeb nkab hnyav nce ntau nrog dej.
Flush systems tom qab kev teeb tsa kom tshem tawm cov khib nyiab uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov dej ntws.
Kuaj hydrostatically ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus 200 psi lossis 50 psi saum lub zog siab (qhov twg siab dua) rau 2 teev.
Xaus
Ib qhov zoo-tsim hluav taws xob cov kav dej sib npaug sib npaug kev ua raws cai, kev ua haujlwm hydraulic, xaiv cov khoom siv, thiab kev teeb tsa ua tau zoo. Dub steel nrog grooved couplings tseem yog tus qauv kev lag luam rau feem ntau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. CPVC muaj lub teeb yuag, qis - kev xaiv tus nqi rau cov neeg nyob hauv lub teeb. Stainless hlau muab superior corrosion kuj rau xav tau ib puag ncig. Qhov kev xaiv zoo yog nyob ntawm kev faib cov neeg nyob hauv kev phom sij, lub tsev loj, cov lej hauv zos, thiab pob nyiaj siv.
Qhov loj me me, qhov tsim nyog, thiab kev xaiv cov khoom ua tib zoo xyuas kom meej tias thaum muaj hluav taws kub, lub kaw lus xa dej rau qhov xav tau -txhua lub sijhawm.
Xav Tau Kev Pab Qhia Txog Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob rau Koj Txoj Haujlwm Tom ntej?
Peb muab UL/FM- teev cov yeeb nkab tiv thaiv hluav taws, fittings, grooved couplings, thiab li qub hauv cov hlau, stainless hlau, thiab CPVC. Peb pab neeg tuaj yeem pab xaiv cov khoom siv, cov lus nug txog kev ua raws cai, thiab cov khoom specifications.
Tiv tauj peb cov kws tshaj lij tiv thaiv hluav tawshnub no rau kev txhawb nqa lossis ib qho kev tsocai.